Arduino Project

Arduino Radar System Project with Ultrasonic Sensor V4

Course Introduction

This project implements a basic radar system using an Arduino Uno, a servo motor, an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04), an LED, and a buzzer.

The system scans the environment by rotating the ultrasonic sensor between 15 and 165 degrees, measuring distances to nearby objects.

If an object is detected within 15 cm, an LED lights up, and a buzzer sounds. The angle and distance data are sent to the serial port, allowing for real-time visualization using the Processing IDE.

Note

If this is your first time working with an Arduino project, we recommend downloading and reviewing the basic materials first.

1.1 Install Arduino IDE(Important)
1.2 Introduction of Arduino IDE

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components:

SN	COMPONENT INTRODUCTION	QUANTITY	PURCHASE LINK
1	Arduino UNO R3	1	BUY
2	USB Type-C cable	1	×
3	Breadboard	1	BUY
4	Wires	Several	BUY
5	1kΩ resistor	2	BUY
6	Ultrasonic Sensor Module	1	BUY
7	LED	1	BUY
8	Active Buzzer	1	×
9	Digital Servo Motor	1	BUY
10	Transistor	1(S8050)	BUY

Wiring

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Common Connections:

LED
Connect the LEDs cathode to a 1kΩ resistor then to the negative power bus on the breadboard,and the LEDs anode to a 1kΩ resistor then to 4 on the Arduino.

transistor
emitter: Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
base: Connect a 1kΩ resistor then to 5 on the Arduino.
collector: Connect to the buzzer.

Buzzer
＋: Connect to breadboard’s positive power bus.
－: Connect to transistor .

Digital Servo Motor
Connect to breadboard’s positive power bus.
Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
Connect to 12 on the Arduino.

Ultrasonic Sensor Module
Trig: Connect to 10 on the Arduino.
Echo: Connect to 11 on the Arduino.
GND: Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
VCC: Connect to breadboard’s red power bus.

Writing the Code

Note
Build the circuit.
Upload the code to the Arduino board using Arduino IDE.
In the Arduino IDE, check the current Arduino port(COMx).
The ArduinoSonarGUI is used here. You can click here ArduinoSonarGUI.zip to download it.
Open ArduinoSonarGUI.pde in the Processing IDE .
Modify the code in line 35 to ensure the correct port number(COMx).
Run the Processing sketch to visualize the sonar data.

/*
  This code controls a servo motor to rotate an ultrasonic sensor and measure distances.
  The sensor scans from 15 to 165 degrees and back, calculating the distance to objects
  and sending the angle and distance data to the serial port. The data can be used in the
  Processing IDE to visualize a real-time radar.

  An LED and buzzer are activated if an object is detected within 15 cm.

  Board: Arduino Uno R4 (or R3)
  Component: Ultrasonic distance Sensor(HC-SR04)

  Source Code From：https://howtomechatronics.com/projects/arduino-radar-project/

  Modified by wulu from SunFounder 2024.08

*/

#include <Servo.h>  // Include Servo library

// Define pins for the ultrasonic sensor
const int trigPin = 10;
const int echoPin = 11;

// Variables for measuring distance
long duration;
int distance;

const int servoPin = 12;
Servo myServo;  // Create a Servo object to control the motor

const int ledPin = 4;  // Pin for LED
const int buzzerPin = 5;  // Pin for Buzzer

void setup() {
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);  // Sets the trigPin as an Output
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);   // Sets the echoPin as an Input

  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);  // Set ledPin as an OUTPUT
  pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);  // Set buzzerPin as an OUTPUT

  Serial.begin(9600);
  myServo.attach(servoPin);  // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached
}

void loop() {
  // rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees
  for (int i = 15; i <= 165; i++) {
    myServo.write(i);  // Set servo position
    delay(30);  // Wait for the servo to reach the position

    distance = calculateDistance();  // Measure distance at this angle
    handleAlerts();  // Check distance and handle alerts

    Serial.print(i);         // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port
    Serial.print(",");       // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
    Serial.print(distance);  // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port
    Serial.print(".");       // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
  }

  // Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees
  for (int i = 165; i > 15; i--) {
    myServo.write(i);
    delay(30);

    distance = calculateDistance(); // Measure distance at this angle
    handleAlerts();  // Check distance and handle alerts

    Serial.print(i);
    Serial.print(",");
    Serial.print(distance);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
}

// Function to read the sensor data and calculate the distance
int calculateDistance() {
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);   // Set trig pin to low to ensure a clean pulse
  delayMicroseconds(2);         // Delay for 2 microseconds
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);  // Send a 10 microsecond pulse by setting trig pin to high
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);  // Set trig pin back to low

  // Measure the pulse width of the echo pin and calculate the distance value
  float distance = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH) / 58.00;  // Formula: (340m/s * 1us) / 2
  return distance;
}

void handleAlerts() {
  // Activate LED and buzzer if object is within 15 cm
  if (distance <= 15) {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);  // Turn on LED
    tone(buzzerPin, 500);  // Turn on Buzzer with a 500 Hz tone
  } else {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);  // Turn off LED
    noTone(buzzerPin);  // Turn off Buzzer
  }
}

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Arduino Project

Arduino Radar System Project with Ultrasonic Sensor V4

Course Introduction

Required Components

Wiring

Common Connections:

Writing the Code

Arduino Project

Arduino Radar System Project with Ultrasonic Sensor V4

Course Introduction

Required Components

Wiring

Common Connections:

Writing the Code

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