Arduino Project

Arduino Temperature and Humidity Monitor with DHT11 V3

Course Introduction

This Arduino project uses a DHT11 sensor, a 16×2 I2C LCD, LEDs, and a buzzer to monitor temperature and humidity in real time. It indicates comfort levels with different buzzer patterns, while continuously updating readings on the display.

Note

If this is your first time working with an Arduino project, we recommend downloading and reviewing the basic materials first.

1.1 Install Arduino IDE(Important)
1.2 Introduction of Arduino IDE

Required Components

In this project, we need the following components:

SN	COMPONENT INTRODUCTION	QUANTITY	PURCHASE LINK
1	Arduino UNO R4 WIFI	1	BUY
2	USB Type-C cable	1	×
3	Breadboard	1	BUY
4	Wires	Several	BUY
5	DHT-11 Module	1	BUY
6	I2C LCD 1602	1	BUY
7	Buzzer Modudle	1	BUY

Wiring

2.png__PID:ddb20af0-325d-49c2-a9da-998ebad59374

Common Connections:

DHT-11 Module
OUT: Connect to 12 on the Arduino.
-: Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
+: Connect to breadboard’s red power bus.

I2C LCD 1602
SDA: Connect to A4 on the Arduino.
SCL: Connect to A5 on the Arduino.
GND: Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
VCC: Connect to breadboard’s red power bus.

Buzzer Modudle
I/O: Connect to 10 on the Arduino.
GND: Connect to breadboard’s negative power bus.
VCC: Connect to breadboard’s red power bus.

Writing the Code

Note
Before you begin, you need to upload the pitches.h library to your Arduino. Copy the contents of the library into the Arduino IDE, save it as pitches.h and then upload it to your Arduino.

/*************************************************
* Public Constants
*************************************************/

#define NOTE_B0  31
#define NOTE_C1  33
#define NOTE_CS1 35
#define NOTE_D1  37
#define NOTE_DS1 39
#define NOTE_E1  41
#define NOTE_F1  44
#define NOTE_FS1 46
#define NOTE_G1  49
#define NOTE_GS1 52
#define NOTE_A1  55
#define NOTE_AS1 58
#define NOTE_B1  62
#define NOTE_C2  65
#define NOTE_CS2 69
#define NOTE_D2  73
#define NOTE_DS2 78
#define NOTE_E2  82
#define NOTE_F2  87
#define NOTE_FS2 93
#define NOTE_G2  98
#define NOTE_GS2 104
#define NOTE_A2  110
#define NOTE_AS2 117
#define NOTE_B2  123
#define NOTE_C3  131
#define NOTE_CS3 139
#define NOTE_D3  147
#define NOTE_DS3 156
#define NOTE_E3  165
#define NOTE_F3  175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3  196
#define NOTE_GS3 208
#define NOTE_A3  220
#define NOTE_AS3 233
#define NOTE_B3  247
#define NOTE_C4  262
#define NOTE_CS4 277
#define NOTE_D4  294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4  330
#define NOTE_F4  349
#define NOTE_FS4 370
#define NOTE_G4  392
#define NOTE_GS4 415
#define NOTE_A4  440
#define NOTE_AS4 466
#define NOTE_B4  494
#define NOTE_C5  523
#define NOTE_CS5 554
#define NOTE_D5  587
#define NOTE_DS5 622
#define NOTE_E5  659
#define NOTE_F5  698
#define NOTE_FS5 740
#define NOTE_G5  784
#define NOTE_GS5 831
#define NOTE_A5  880
#define NOTE_AS5 932
#define NOTE_B5  988
#define NOTE_C6  1047
#define NOTE_CS6 1109
#define NOTE_D6  1175
#define NOTE_DS6 1245
#define NOTE_E6  1319
#define NOTE_F6  1397
#define NOTE_FS6 1480
#define NOTE_G6  1568
#define NOTE_GS6 1661
#define NOTE_A6  1760
#define NOTE_AS6 1865
#define NOTE_B6  1976
#define NOTE_C7  2093
#define NOTE_CS7 2217
#define NOTE_D7  2349
#define NOTE_DS7 2489
#define NOTE_E7  2637
#define NOTE_F7  2794
#define NOTE_FS7 2960
#define NOTE_G7  3136
#define NOTE_GS7 3322
#define NOTE_A7  3520
#define NOTE_AS7 3729
#define NOTE_B7  3951
#define NOTE_C8  4186
#define NOTE_CS8 4435
#define NOTE_D8  4699
#define NOTE_DS8 4978

Note
You can copy this code into Arduino IDE.
To install the library, use the Arduino Library Manager and search for DHT , LiquidCrystal_I2C and install it.
Don’t forget to select the board(Arduino UNO R4 Minima) and the correct port before clicking the Upload button.

#include <Wire.h>
#include <DHT.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

// DHT11 data pin and sensor type
#define DHTPIN   12
#define DHTTYPE  DHT11

// Passive buzzer pin
const int PIN_BUZ = 10;

// Create sensor and LCD objects
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
#define LCD_ADDR 0x27   // Change to 0x3F if your LCD uses a different address
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(LCD_ADDR, 16, 2);

// Temperature thresholds in Celsius
const float TEMP_WARNING_MIN = 27.0; // 27.0°C or above enters WARNING
const float TEMP_ALERT_MIN   = 28.0; // 28.0°C or above enters ALERT

// Update intervals
const unsigned long READ_INTERVAL = 1000; // Read DHT every 1 second
const unsigned long LCD_INTERVAL  = 1000; // Refresh LCD every 1 second

// WARNING beep timing
const unsigned long WARN_ON_MS  = 500;
const unsigned long WARN_OFF_MS = 500;

// ALERT beep timing
const unsigned long ALERT_ON_MS  = 120;
const unsigned long ALERT_OFF_MS = 120;

// Buzzer frequencies
const int BUZZ_WARN  = 659; // Warning sound
const int BUZZ_ALERT = 880; // Alert sound

// System states
enum State { NORMAL, WARNING, ALERT };
State stateNow = NORMAL;

// Time markers for periodic tasks
unsigned long tLastRead = 0;
unsigned long tLastLCD  = 0;

// WARNING sound control
bool warnOn = false;
unsigned long warnPhaseStart = 0;

// ALERT sound control
bool alertOn = false;
unsigned long alertPhaseStart = 0;

// Store the latest valid sensor readings
float lastT = NAN, lastH = NAN;

// Save previous LCD text to reduce unnecessary updates
char line0_prev[17] = {0};
char line1_prev[17] = {0};

// Stop the buzzer
void stopBuzzer() {
  noTone(PIN_BUZ);
}

// Start the correct sound as soon as the state changes
void startBuzzerForState(unsigned long now) {
  if (stateNow == WARNING) {
    warnOn = true;
    warnPhaseStart = now;
    alertOn = false;
    tone(PIN_BUZ, BUZZ_WARN);
  }
  else if (stateNow == ALERT) {
    alertOn = true;
    alertPhaseStart = now;
    warnOn = false;
    tone(PIN_BUZ, BUZZ_ALERT);
  }
  else {
    warnOn = false;
    alertOn = false;
    stopBuzzer();
  }
}

// Decide the state by temperature only
State decideStateByTemp(float tC) {
  if (isnan(tC)) return stateNow;

  if (tC >= TEMP_ALERT_MIN) {
    return ALERT;
  }
  else if (tC >= TEMP_WARNING_MIN) {
    return WARNING;
  }
  else {
    return NORMAL;
  }
}

// Update LCD only when the text changes
void lcdWriteIfChanged(const char* l0, const char* l1) {
  if (strncmp(l0, line0_prev, 16) != 0) {
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("                ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print(l0);
    strncpy(line0_prev, l0, 16);
    line0_prev[16] = '\0';
  }

  if (strncmp(l1, line1_prev, 16) != 0) {
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("                ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print(l1);
    strncpy(line1_prev, l1, 16);
    line1_prev[16] = '\0';
  }
}

void setup() {
  pinMode(PIN_BUZ, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);
  dht.begin();

  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();
  lcd.clear();

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Temp&Humidity");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Starting...");

  warnOn = false;
  warnPhaseStart = millis();

  alertOn = false;
  alertPhaseStart = millis();

  stopBuzzer();
}

void loop() {
  unsigned long now = millis();

  // Read temperature and humidity at a fixed interval
  if (now - tLastRead >= READ_INTERVAL) {
    tLastRead = now;

    float h  = dht.readHumidity();
    float tC = dht.readTemperature();

    // Save new data only if the reading is valid
    if (!isnan(h) && !isnan(tC)) {
      lastH = h;
      lastT = tC;

      State next = decideStateByTemp(lastT);

      // If the state changes, switch to the new sound pattern
      if (next != stateNow) {
        stateNow = next;
        startBuzzerForState(now);
      }

      Serial.print(F("T="));
      Serial.print(lastT, 1);
      Serial.print(F("C  H="));
      Serial.print(lastH, 0);
      Serial.print(F("%  -> "));

      if (stateNow == NORMAL) Serial.println(F("NORMAL"));
      else if (stateNow == WARNING) Serial.println(F("WARNING"));
      else Serial.println(F("ALERT"));
    }
    else {
      Serial.println(F("DHT read failed"));
    }
  }

  // Control buzzer timing without using delay()
  if (stateNow == NORMAL) {
    stopBuzzer();
  }
  else if (stateNow == WARNING) {
    unsigned long phaseDur = warnOn ? WARN_ON_MS : WARN_OFF_MS;

    if (now - warnPhaseStart >= phaseDur) {
      warnOn = !warnOn;
      warnPhaseStart = now;

      if (warnOn) tone(PIN_BUZ, BUZZ_WARN);
      else stopBuzzer();
    }
  }
  else {
    unsigned long phaseDur = alertOn ? ALERT_ON_MS : ALERT_OFF_MS;

    if (now - alertPhaseStart >= phaseDur) {
      alertOn = !alertOn;
      alertPhaseStart = now;

      if (alertOn) tone(PIN_BUZ, BUZZ_ALERT);
      else stopBuzzer();
    }
  }

  // Refresh the LCD at a fixed interval
  if (now - tLastLCD >= LCD_INTERVAL) {
    tLastLCD = now;

    char l0[17];
    char l1[17];
    l0[0] = '\0';
    l1[0] = '\0';

    // Show humidity on the first line
    if (!isnan(lastH)) {
      int hInt = (int)(lastH + 0.5f);
      snprintf(l0, sizeof(l0), "Hum: %d%%", hInt);
    }
    else {
      snprintf(l0, sizeof(l0), "Hum: --%%");
    }

    // Show temperature on the second line
    if (!isnan(lastT)) {
      char tbuf[8];
      dtostrf(lastT, 4, 1, tbuf);
      snprintf(l1, sizeof(l1), "Temp: %sC", tbuf);
    }
    else {
      snprintf(l1, sizeof(l1), "Temp: --.-C");
    }

    l0[16] = '\0';
    l1[16] = '\0';

    lcdWriteIfChanged(l0, l1);
  }
}

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Arduino Project

Arduino Temperature and Humidity Monitor with DHT11 V3

Course Introduction

Required Components

Wiring

Common Connections:

Writing the Code

Arduino Project

Arduino Temperature and Humidity Monitor with DHT11 V3

Course Introduction

Required Components

Wiring

Common Connections:

Writing the Code

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